The resemblance between phenotype and genotype is known as what?

The correct answer relates to the concept of heritability, which measures the extent to which genetic factors influence the variation in a trait within a population. Heritability specifically addresses the relationship between genotype (the genetic makeup of an organism) and phenotype (the observable traits or characteristics). A high heritability indicates that much of the variation in phenotypes can be attributed to genetic differences, suggesting a strong resemblance between genotype and phenotype.

This concept is fundamental in breeding programs and genetics, where understanding the heritable traits can aid in selecting for desired characteristics in livestock, including beef cattle. By recognizing the degree of heritability, breeders can predict how well traits will be passed from parents to offspring, facilitating improvements in the herd's overall quality.

In contrast, the other options do not directly address the relationship between phenotype and genotype. Phenotypic variability relates to the differences in traits observed within a population without emphasizing the genetic basis. Genotypic diversity focuses on the variation in genetic makeup among organisms rather than the expressed traits. Natural selection describes the process by which certain traits become more common in a population due to their advantages for survival and reproduction, but it does not specifically connect phenotypes to their underlying genotypes.