What condition occurs due to a closed cervix in female cattle?

The condition that arises from a closed cervix in female cattle is fetal mummification. When the cervix is closed, it prevents the expulsion of the fetus, particularly in cases where the fetus has died. This results in a situation where the dead fetus remains in the uterus, leading to dehydration and subsequent mummification. The process occurs because the fetal tissues become desiccated and the body attempts to reabsorb as much of the fetal tissue as possible, while the closed cervix prevents any normal parturition from taking place.

In contrast, fetal death alone might not lead to mummification if the cervix opens and allows for the expulsion of the fetus. Early weaning and delayed calving are not directly related to the effects of a closed cervix; they pertain to management practices and reproductive timelines rather than pathological outcomes from a closed cervix. Thus, fetal mummification specifically addresses the complication caused by the cervix being closed, resulting in these unique physiological consequences.